The Sermon on the Mount

Matthew 5 - 7

Chapter 5

You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.' But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn the other cheek to them also. And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well. If anyone forces you to go one mile, go with them two miles. Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.

What does this mean?

Context and Interpretation

1. Context in the Sermon on the Mount:
   • The Sermon on the Mount includes Jesus’ teachings on how to live a life of righteousness that surpasses the external adherence to the law. It focuses on internal attitudes and behaviors that reflect the values of the Kingdom of God.
2. Immediate Context:
   • This passage follows Jesus' teachings on making oaths and precedes His teachings on loving enemies. It is part of a series where Jesus contrasts traditional interpretations of the law with His deeper, heart-focused teachings.

Explanation of the Passage

1. "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.'":
   • This refers to the Old Testament law known as lex talionis, or the law of retaliation (Exodus 21:24, Leviticus 24:20, Deuteronomy 19:21). This law was intended to limit retribution to ensure that the punishment was proportionate to the offense and to prevent escalating cycles of vengeance.
2. "But I tell you, do not resist an evil person.":
   • Jesus introduces a new standard that goes beyond retributive justice. Instead of seeking revenge or retaliation, He calls His followers to respond to evil with non-resistance and grace. This teaching encourages a non-violent, non-retaliatory approach to dealing with wrongdoers.
3. "If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also.":
   • A slap on the right cheek in that cultural context was considered a severe insult. Turning the other cheek symbolizes a refusal to retaliate and a willingness to endure further insult rather than seeking revenge. This act demonstrates humility and self-control.
4. "And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well.":
   • In the context of a lawsuit, Jesus instructs His followers to go beyond what is demanded of them. The coat (cloak) was an essential garment, often used as a blanket at night. By offering the coat in addition to the shirt (tunic), Jesus calls for a radical generosity and willingness to give up personal rights.
5. "If anyone forces you to go one mile, go with them two miles.":
   • This refers to the practice of impressment, where a Roman soldier could compel a civilian to carry their gear for one mile. Jesus teaches His followers to willingly go the extra mile, showing a spirit of service and kindness even to oppressors.
6. "Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.":
   • Jesus encourages a generous and open-hearted attitude toward those in need. Instead of withholding help, believers are called to give freely and be willing to lend to those who ask.

Biblical Principles

1. Non-Retaliation:
   • Jesus advocates for non-retaliation, emphasizing the importance of responding to wrongdoing with grace and patience rather than seeking revenge.
2. Radical Generosity:
   • The passage calls for radical generosity and selflessness, encouraging believers to go beyond what is required or expected in their interactions with others.
3. Humility and Self-Control:
   • Jesus' teachings emphasize humility and self-control, demonstrating strength through a refusal to retaliate and a willingness to endure hardship for the sake of peace and righteousness.
4. Overcoming Evil with Good:
   • By responding to evil with good, believers can break the cycle of violence and retribution, reflecting the character of God and advancing His kingdom values.

Application

• Personal Relationships: This teaching can be applied in personal relationships by promoting forgiveness, patience, and non-retaliation in the face of insults or wrongdoing.
• Social Justice: In broader social contexts, these principles encourage a non-violent approach to seeking justice and addressing oppression.
• Generosity and Service: Believers are called to practice generosity and service, willingly helping those in need and going beyond what is expected to demonstrate love and kindness.